Montana Tip Laws and Requirements
Montana's tip laws, updated in 2021, differ from federal FLSA regulations by prohibiting employers from using a tip credit and requiring payment of the full state minimum wage—which is higher than the federal rate—to tipped employees, who retain ownership of their gratuities.
Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), tips are regulated. Employers who meet certain criteria are permitted to take a partial credit against minimum wage obligations for tipped employees. Tipped employees include those engaged in jobs in which they regularly and customarily receive tips.
The tip credit was created by Congress in 1966, and adjustments occurred on December 28, 2021, when the 2021 Dual Jobs Final Rule went into effect. A federal court vacated portions of the final rule in October 2024, which effectively reinstated the original dual jobs regulation (29 C.F.R.531.56(e)). It recognizes that an employee may work in tipped and non-tipped occupations, and employers are only permitted to take the tip credit against minimum wage obligations for hours worked in the tipped occupation.
The FLSA mandates that a tipped worker must be paid at least $2.13 per hour. The FLSA tip credit can be equal to the difference between the direct (or cash) wage paid to the employee and the federal minimum wage. Only tips actually received by an employee count when making the determination of a tipped employee and applying the credit.
The FLSA also permits employees to “pool” or share tips with other eligible employees, although it doesn’t impose a limit on the amount or percentage of the contribution of each employee in a valid tip pool.
State law may differ from the federal FLSA standards. Review what tip laws apply in Montana.
When Were the Tip Laws Last Updated in Montana?
The tip laws were updated in Montana in 2021.
Does Montana Have Tip Laws That Differ from Federal Tip Laws?
Yes, Montana has tip laws that differ from federal laws. Employers are not permitted to use a tip credit; employees must be paid the full minimum hourly wage. Montana also has a higher statewide minimum wage than the federal rate, so employers must adhere to the current rate.
Who Holds the Ownership of Tips in Montana?
Under federal law, any gratuities paid to employees are their property. Employers are not permitted to require employees to hand in their tips, although they are allowed to count the tip toward the hourly rate.
What are the Rules for Distribution of Credit Card Processing Tips in Montana?
Federal law states that all tips paid by credit card must be issued to employees no later than the next regular payday, even if the employer is awaiting reimbursement from the financial provider.
What are the Tip Pooling Rules in Montana?
Employers may not establish mandatory tip pools, but employees can form them on their own to share tips.
Who Can and Can’t Participate in Tip Pools in Montana?
If employees choose to pool their tips, only supervisors, managers, and owners are not allowed to participate.
Is there a Difference Between Tips and Service Charges in Montana?
Yes, a mandatory service charge is not considered a tip. Therefore, it would belong to the employer.
To be considered a tip instead of a service charge, a customer must give money voluntarily in an amount of their own choosing. The customer must also be able to determine who receives it, and it can’t be set by employer policy.
Can Employers Deduct Credit Card Fees from Tips in Montana?
The law regarding the deduction of credit card fees from tips is unclear. Currently, employers may be able to do so.
Do Tips Count Toward the Minimum Wage in Montana?
No, state law does not allow tips to count toward the minimum wage.
Do Tips Factor Into Regular Rate Calculations for Overtime Pay in Montana?
No, tips don’t factor into rate calculations for overtime pay. Any eligible employee working over 40 hours in a week should receive overtime pay (1.5 times their normal hourly wage), and employers in the state are not allowed to apply a tip credit for regular or overtime hours.
Are There Cities and Municipalities in Montana That Have Their Own Tip and Service Charge Rules That Differ from Statewide Laws?
No, there are no cities or municipalities with differing laws.
What Are the Record-Keeping Requirements for Employers Regarding Tips in Montana?
Employers must keep detailed records of all tips reported by employees, including amounts and dates of service. If tip pooling is in effect, the record should also include the arrangements and the distribution of tips to eligible staff members.
What Options Do Employees Have for Remuneration if Their Tips are Withheld in Montana?
An employee may take legal action against an employer who violates state tip laws.
What are the Penalties for Employers for Not Complying with Montana Tip Laws?
Violating Montana tip laws can subject an employer to a significant fine. Employees may also be permitted to recover the unpaid wages in damages.
Related
South Carolina Tip Laws and Requirements
South Carolina adheres to federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) tip laws, which regulate tipped employees' wages, allow employers to take a tip credit against minimum wage only for hours worked in tipped occupations, mandate a minimum cash wage of $2.13 per hour for tipped workers, permit tip pooling among eligible employees without limits on contributions, and recognize that tips are the property of employees, with the state's tip laws last updated in September 2021 and no deviations from federal standards.
Wyoming Tip Laws and Requirements
Wyoming adheres to federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) tip laws last updated in 2013, which allow employers to take a tip credit against minimum wage only for hours worked in tipped occupations, require tipped employees to be paid at least $2.13 per hour plus tips, recognize that tips belong to employees and cannot be confiscated by employers, and permit tip pooling among eligible employees without federal limits on contribution amounts.
Virginia Tip Laws and Requirements
Virginia's tip laws, last updated in September 2021, generally align with federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) regulations—allowing employers to take a tip credit against minimum wage for tipped employees who earn at least $2.13 per hour, permitting tip pooling among eligible employees, and recognizing that tip credits apply only to hours worked in tipped occupations—while also adhering to Virginia's higher statewide minimum wage, with ownership of tips governed by federal standards.
Missouri Tip Laws and Requirements
Missouri's tip laws, updated in September 2021, differ from federal FLSA regulations by allowing employers to count tips as part of wages but limiting the tip credit to no more than 50% of the state's higher minimum hourly wage, while also adhering to federal rules that require tipped employees to be paid at least $2.13 per hour and permit tip pooling among eligible employees.
Delaware Tip Laws and Requirements
Delaware tip laws, last updated in January 2024, align with federal FLSA regulations but require a higher minimum cash wage of $2.23 per hour for tipped employees—$0.10 above the federal $2.13—mandate that tips belong to employees, allow tip pooling without federal limits, and follow the reinstated original dual jobs rule limiting tip credit to hours worked in tipped occupations.
Kansas Tip Laws and Requirements
Kansas tip laws generally follow federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) regulations, including the allowance of a tip credit against minimum wage for tipped employees, the requirement to pay tipped workers at least $2.13 per hour, the recognition of dual jobs for tip credit application, the permissibility of tip pooling, and the obligation for employers to inform employees about tip credits and cash wages, with Kansas-specific provisions such as exempting cash gratuities from sales tax and aligning its 2021 updates with federal changes.